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Voice inflection varied:
from silence to whisper to very loud and booming!
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Chalkboard: used for
key terms or phrases; major ideas, clarifying details; outlines;
diagrams; illustrations; problems.
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Repetition: varied
from exact repetition to restatement with variations; repetition of key
ideas; summaries at end of lecture; summary review at beginning of
next class meeting.
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Direct statement:
class alerted to important points with the following comments: "This is
very important...Now get this...You may have trouble with this...Hear
this...Please understand this...Pay special attention to this...This may
come up on a test...It's imperative that...Remember this...Don't
forget...I want you to fully understand this...Are you with me?...Takes
notes on this."
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Questions: used
initially to launch the lesson; to stimulate discussion to clarify, to
check understanding, to alert class.
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Examples: may be
given or asked for; idea may be personalized or related to everyday
experiences.
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Demonstrations:
slides, movies, film strips, maps, overhead projection,
illustrations of scientific principles, math problems, speech and visual
aids, drama techniques, physical activities.
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Gestures and variety of
hand, finger and arm movements: pointing, movements clasping, waving
of arms, tapping something, any change from the usual movement can be
significant: rises from chair; sits down; sits back in chair; leans
over desk or podium; removes glasses; suddenly stops pacing.
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Pauses: dramatic or
suspenseful pauses before or after making an important point; tempo of
speech varied from very slow to fast; long, suspenseful wait for full
attention.
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Humor: presents
humorous events related to lesson; exaggerates; tells jokes to recapture
attention or to emphasize and idea.
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Expressions: varied--fact
lights up; smiles; looks serious; concentrates intently; studies student
faces intently; establishes eye contact and then speaks directly to
student.
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Time: length of time
devoted to discussion of a subject indicates relative importance.
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Handouts: usually
relate significantly to lesson.
